Depending on the type of

Depending on the type of the contact surface of the phases, absorbers are classified as surface, film, bubbling, and spray types.

Depending on the type of the contact surface of the phases, absorbers are classified as surface, film, bubbling, and spray types.

Depending on the type of the contact surface of the phases, absorbers are classified as surface, film, bubbling, and spray types.

Depending on the type of the contact surface of the phases, absorbers are classified as…

Depending on the type of the contact surface of the phases, absorbers are classified as surface, film, bubbling, and spray types.

 

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m

 

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m

 

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m

Depending on the type of the contact surface of the phases, absorbers are classified as surface, film, bubbling, and spray types.

Correction of the platform's angular position according to signals obtained from…

 

пещера
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

cave
1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.
2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves.
3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution.
(Source: CED / WHIT / BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• cave

DE

• Höhle

FR

• grotte

 

пещера
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

cave
1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.
2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves.
3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution.
(Source: CED / WHIT / BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• cave

DE

• Höhle

FR

• grotte

 

пещера
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

cave
1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.
2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves.
3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution.
(Source: CED / WHIT / BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• cave

DE

• Höhle

FR

• grotte

 

реле периодической последовательности импульсов
-
[Интент]

EN

flasher relay
repeat cycle relay
time relay in which the output periodically switches on and off as long as the power supply or control signal is applied (see Figure 5)

NOTE 1 – Depending on the relay type, the output starts with "pulse on" or "pulse off".
NOTE 2 – Flasher relay may also be initiated with a control signal.
[IEV ref 445-01-06]

FR

relais clignotant, m
relais temporisé dans lequel la sortie passe périodiquement de l'état de travail à l'état de repos tant que l’alimentation ou le signal de commande est appliqué (voir Figure 5)

NOTE 1 – Selon le type de relais, la sortie démarre dans l'état de travail ou dans l'état de repos.
NOTE 2 – Le relais clignotant peut aussi être amorcé par un signal de commande.
[IEV ref 445-01-06]

Тематики

• реле электрическое

EN

• flasher relay
• repeat cycle relay

DE

• Blinkrelais, n

FR

• relais clignotant, m

 

реле периодической последовательности импульсов
-
[Интент]

EN

flasher relay
repeat cycle relay
time relay in which the output periodically switches on and off as long as the power supply or control signal is applied (see Figure 5)

NOTE 1 – Depending on the relay type, the output starts with "pulse on" or "pulse off".
NOTE 2 – Flasher relay may also be initiated with a control signal.
[IEV ref 445-01-06]

FR

relais clignotant, m
relais temporisé dans lequel la sortie passe périodiquement de l'état de travail à l'état de repos tant que l’alimentation ou le signal de commande est appliqué (voir Figure 5)

NOTE 1 – Selon le type de relais, la sortie démarre dans l'état de travail ou dans l'état de repos.
NOTE 2 – Le relais clignotant peut aussi être amorcé par un signal de commande.
[IEV ref 445-01-06]

Тематики

• реле электрическое

EN

• flasher relay
• repeat cycle relay

DE

• Blinkrelais, n

FR

• relais clignotant, m

 

реле периодической последовательности импульсов
-
[Интент]

EN

flasher relay
repeat cycle relay
time relay in which the output periodically switches on and off as long as the power supply or control signal is applied (see Figure 5)

NOTE 1 – Depending on the relay type, the output starts with "pulse on" or "pulse off".
NOTE 2 – Flasher relay may also be initiated with a control signal.
[IEV ref 445-01-06]

FR

relais clignotant, m
relais temporisé dans lequel la sortie passe périodiquement de l'état de travail à l'état de repos tant que l’alimentation ou le signal de commande est appliqué (voir Figure 5)

NOTE 1 – Selon le type de relais, la sortie démarre dans l'état de travail ou dans l'état de repos.
NOTE 2 – Le relais clignotant peut aussi être amorcé par un signal de commande.
[IEV ref 445-01-06]

Тематики

• реле электрическое

EN

• flasher relay
• repeat cycle relay

DE

• Blinkrelais, n

FR

• relais clignotant, m

•

Let us take the specific case of the Earth and the Moon.

•

With the particular (or specific) construction shown in Fig. 16, air filters are always supplied.

•

The specific properties of any particular ionic compound depend on the individual component ions.

•

The maximum rate of change of a particular characteristic of the orbit...

•

The expansion should be allowed for in the die design for each specific (or concrete) application.

* * *

 The location of the particular point under consideration was also non-dimensionalized with respect to the nozzle diameter.

 Points representing one specific type of compressor are connected by dotted lines.

 The NDTT can be increased rather dramatically in some cases, depending upon the individual alloy and irradiation conditions.

— в отрыве от конкретного применения

— в этом конкретном случае

— для конкретного случая

— конкретные выводы из исследования

— конкретный пример осуществления изобретения

— посвящать этому конкретному вопросу

— рассматривать конкретные вопросы

— с учётом конкретных положений контракта

— типичный для конкретного

track, trail, scent; trace; footprint; spoor; pugmarks; vestige; идти по следу

be on the scent, follow the scent, follow the trail, follow the spoor, follow the tracks

We followed fresh jaguar tracks for a total 39 km. .

Each set of tracks was followed .

In tracking resident and transient lions literally handreds of mile .

Tracks indicated that three or possible four puma included Acurizal (название местности) in their travels although none were wholly resident there .

We deduced movement pattern from spoo .

Tracks vary in appearance depending on the individuals size, its gait, slope steepness and type of substrate. Tracks made in snow are especially subject to variation, as melting rapidly distorts and enlarges prints .

Obviously factors such as habitat, elevation, and track size serve to separate leopard and tiger in places where they are said to occur in proximity. .

Tracks indicated that male had passed within 50 m of the young and its kill (добыча) the same day of the capture .

The following day we tracked the large male and captured him some 3 miles distant .

A lion abruptly changed course, sometimes retracing its route for a considerable distance (invariably it was found that another lion or family of lions was in the area) .

 

резерв мощности на покрытие несбалансированности нагрузок разного вида
-
[Интент]

Stranded capacity
Stranded capacity is capacity that cannot be utilized by IT loads due to the design or configuration of the system. The presence of stranded capacity indicates an imbalance between two or more of the following capacities:

• Floor and rack space
• Power
• Power distribution
• Cooling
• Cooling distribution

A specific IT device requires sufficient capacity of all of the five above elements. Yet these elements are almost never available in an exact balance of capacity to match a specific IT load. Invariably, there are locations with rack space but without available cooling, or spaces with available power but with no available rack space. Capacity of one type that cannot be used because one of the other four capacities listed above has been used to its maximum capacity is called stranded capacity. Stranded capacity is undesirable and can seriously limit the performance of a data center. Unfortunately, most data centers have significant stranded capacity issues, including the following common examples:

• An air conditioner has sufficient capacity but inadequate air distribution to the IT load
• A PDU has sufficient capacity but no available breaker positions
• Floor space is available but there is no remaining power
• Air conditioners are in the wrong location
• Some PDUs are overloaded while others are lightly loaded
• Some areas are overheated while others are cold

Depending on the situation and the architecture of the power and cooling system, it might be impossible to utilize stranded capacity or it might be that only minor investments are needed to free stranded capacity so that it can be effectively used. By definition, utilizing stranded capacity comes at a cost. It is often necessary to take down part of the installation or install new power and cooling components.
Stranded capacity is a very frustrating capacity management problem for data center operators because it is very hard to explain to users or management that a data center with 1 MW of installed power and cooling capacity can’t cool the new blade servers when it is only operating at 200 kW of total load.
An effective capacity management system not only identifies and highlights stranded capacity, but also helps customers avoid creating it in the first place.

[APC]

Тематики

• ЦОДы (центры обработки данных)

EN

• stranded capacity